Shooting anything in abstract form

This tutorial will show you how to shoot almost anything.

Half-Life 2/Portal 1

Bullets

Make an env_gunfire and use this table as a reference for the settings for each weapon. Since env_gunfire won't do damage, the damage should be done with a trigger_hurt.

Weapon	Tracer	Shoot Sound	Refire rate	Notes
357	Tracer	Weapon_357.Single	0.75	30 damage
Airboat Gun	AirboatGunTracer	Airboat.FireGunLoop	0.01-0.02
Alyx Gun	Tracer	weapons\alyx_gun\alyx_gun_fire5.wav	0.09-0.11
AR2	AR2Tracer	Weapon_AR2.NPC_Single	0.09-0.11
Dropship/Gunship	GunshipTracer	NPC_CombineGunship.CannonSound	0.10-0.11
Helicopter	HelicopterTracer	NPC_AttackHelicopter.FireGun	0.10-0.11
Pistol	Tracer	Weapon_Pistol.NPC_Single	0.12 Manual, 0.49-0.51 Auto
Shotgun	Tracer	Weapon_Shotgun.NPC_Single	0.88 Single, 1.05 Double	Single shot is 7 bullets
SMG	Tracer	Weapon_SMG1.NPC_Single	0.07-0.08
Sniper Rifle	StriderTracer	NPC_Sniper.FireBullet		40 damage
Strider Minigun	StriderTracer	NPC_Strider.FireMinigun	0.21	Does 15 damage in HL2, but 5 in Episodic
Tau cannon	GaussTracer	weapons\gauss\fire1.wav	0.20-0.22 Auto	Damage can go up to 250 depending on distance and charge amount
Turret (Aperture)	AR2Tracer	NPC_FloorTurret.Shoot	0.09-0.10	Same damage as combine turrets (4), but shoots two bullets at once
Turret (Combine)	AR2Tracer	NPC_FloorTurret.Shoot	0.10-0.11

Tip: You can create a second env_gunfire and use some extra tracers to make impact effects. Might look weird if shots aren't accurate.

• AirboatGunImpact
• BloodImpact
• cball_bounce
• cball_explode
• GlassImpact
• HelicopterImpact
• StunstickImpact(Half-Life 2: Deathmatch)
• WaterSurfaceExplosion

Make muzzle effects with env_muzzleflash.

Projectiles

1. Make an entity from the list below and name it projectile (or whatever you want).
2. Make a point_template, name it template and set Template 1 to projectile.
3. Make an env_entity_maker, and configure it however is needed for your projectile and use case (i.e. fire a crossbow bolt when a button is pressed).

Projectile	Classname	Notes
Bugbait	npc_grenade_bugbait	Does not require antlion_allied global.
Chopper Bomb	grenade_helicopter
Crossbow Bolt	crossbow_bolt	Play the sound Weapon_Crossbow.Single when it fires. Projectile speed is 2500 units/second.
Grenade	npc_grenade_frag	Must be sent SetTimer after spawning. Default time is 3.
Magnusson Device	weapon_striderbuster	Does no damage except physics, won't attach to striders unless hit by gravity gun.
S.L.A.M.	npc_satchel	Since it isn't controlled by a player, can't be set off unless shot or sent its Explode input. Does no damage if set off by damage.

Tip: Energy balls spawned in this way will appear unusually small. See point_combine_ball_launcher.

Gravity Gun

Note: Tutorial assumes the map is for Episode 2. In base HL2, the ambient_generics refuse to play the sounds, and instead crash the game. If you really want to make the map in base HL2 (not likely!), change the sounds to their raw files.

Punting

Making a fake gravity gun punt is actually not terribly complex, though this setup is not quite 1-to-1. If the gravity gun-like object you're making is able to move, remember to parent all the triggers, visual effects, etc. to whatever the moving part is.

Make a trigger_push over the area an object should have to be in to get punted. It should be very thin. Set these properties:

• Name: gg_push

• Start Disabled: Yes

• Push Direction: Depends on how you have the gun positioned

• Speed of Push: 30000

Set the flags how you wish, you'll probably want Physics Objects checked.

Make a trigger_multiple inside the trigger_push. Name it gg_checkforpuntables. Set the same flags, and make these outputs:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnNotTouching	gg_dryfire	PlaySound		0.00	No
OnNotTouching	gg_dryfire	StopSound		0.10	No
OnTouching	gg_punt	Trigger		0.00	No
OnTouching	gg_disconnect	ClearParent		0.00	No
OnNotTouching	gg_heldobject	ClearParent		0.00	No

Make a logic_relay, name it gg_punt, set these outputs:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnTrigger	gg_push	Enable		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_push	Disable		0.05	No
OnTrigger	gg_puntsound	PlaySound		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_puntsound	StopSound		0.50	No
OnTrigger	gg_punting_beam	TurnOn		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_punting_beam	TurnOff		0.04	No
OnTrigger	gg_holding	SetValue	0	0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_holdsound	StopSound		0.00	No
OnTrigger	!self	FireUser1		0.50	No

The last output won't do anything except temporarily disable the relay, to act as a refire rate. You can adjust the rate by changing the delay. Make sure Allow fast retrigger is NOT checked! Any other special effects you want should be activated from OnTrigger.

Now for the flashy bits! Make an env_laser where you want the punting beam to come from. Make sure it isn't in anything solid. Give it these settings (adjust as you wish, adapted from the Ep2 intro):

• Name: gg_punting_beam

• Brightness: 255

• Beam Color: 254 235 169

• Amount of noise: 10

• Sprite Name: sprites/yellowlaser1.spr

• Texture Scroll Rate: 2

• Frames per 10 seconds: 10

• Target of Laser: gg_laser_end

• Damage / second: 0

Make an info_target and name it gg_laser_end. Place it however is necessary so that the laser will point in the direction you want to punt objects.

Make an ambient_generic close to the gun and set these properties:

• Name: gg_puntsound

• Sound Name: Weapon_PhysCannon.Launch

Make another ambient_generic closeby and set these properties:

• Name: gg_dryfire

• Sound Name: Weapon_PhysCannon.DryFire

The gun is now fully ready to punt anything in its way. It will push multiple objects at once, but there's no perfect solution to that. When the time is right, send the TouchTest input to gg_checkforpuntables.

Grabbing

Note: If you don't want to implement grabbing (dropping is pretty broken due to parenting bugs) you can ignore this whole section and delete the incomplete IO from the punting section.

Make a trigger_push similar to the first one, but bigger and longer. If you want to be accurate to the real gun, make it about 900 units long. Set these properties:

• Name: gg_pull

• Start Disabled: Yes

• Filter Name: gg_nottooheavy

• Push Direction: (opposite of gg_push)

• Speed of Push: 4000

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnNotTouching (Not in FGD)	gg_grabfail	PlaySound		0.00	No

Make a filter_activator_mass_greater and set these:

• Name: gg_nottooheavy

• Filter Mass: 250

• Filter mode: Disallow

Make a small trigger_teleport at the front of the gun:

• Name: gg_grab

• Start Disabled: Yes

• Filter Name: gg_nottooheavy

• Remote Destination: gg_holdspot

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnStartTouchAll	!self	Disable		0.00	No
OnStartTouchAll	gg_pull	Disable		0.00	No
OnStartTouchAll	!activator	AddOutput	targetname gg_heldobject	0.00	No
OnStartTouchAll	gg_holdsound	PlaySound		0.00	No
OnStartTouchAll	gg_grabsound	PlaySound		0.00	No
OnStartTouchAll	gg_holding	SetValue	1	0.00	No
OnStartTouchAll	!activator	SetParent	gg_grab	0.00	No

Any grab-related effects, like beams, should be activated here from OnStartTouchAll.

Make an info_target near the front of the gun, but a bit farther away than gg_grab. Name it gg_holdspot.

If your gun can move around, you need to make the next three entities so that this info_target moves with it:

• Two more info_targets. We'll call them move_dummy1 and move_dummy2.
• A logic_measure_movement with these settings:

• Entity to Measure: move_dummy1
• Measure Reference: move_dummy2
• Entity to Move: gg_holdspot
• Movement Reference: (moving part of gun)

Move the info_targets so that they have the same distance between each other, and gg_holdspot and the moving part of the gun.

Make a logic_branch:

• Name: gg_holding

• Initial Value: 0

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnFalse	gg_trytograb	Trigger		0.00	No
OnTrue	gg_drop	Trigger		0.00	No

Make a logic_relay named gg_trytograb and set these:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnTrigger	gg_pull	Enable		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_grab	Enable		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_pull	Disable		3.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_grab	Disable		3.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_pull	TouchTest		0.01	No

Any trying-to-grab effects should be activated here from OnTrigger. Make sure Allow fast retrigger is NOT checked.

Make a logic_relay named gg_drop and set these:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnTrigger	gg_dropsound	PlaySound		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_heldobject	ClearParent		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_holding	SetValue	0	0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_holdsound	StopSound		0.00	No
OnTrigger	gg_nudge_hack	Explode		0.01	No

Any dropping effects should be activated here from OnTrigger.

Make an env_physexplosion:

• Name: gg_nudge_hack

• Magnitude: 1

• Clamp Radius: 100000

• Limit to Entity: gg_heldobject

Flags: No Damage, Test LOS

To finish, a few sounds. Make an ambient_generic.

• Name: gg_grabfail

• Sound Name: Weapon_PhysCannon.TooHeavy

Another ambient_generic.

• Name: gg_holdsound

• Sound Name: Weapon_PhysCannon.HoldSound

And another.

• Name: gg_grabsound

• Sound Name: Weapon_PhysCannon.Pickup

Last one.

• Name: gg_dropsound

• Sound Name: Weapon_PhysCannon.Drop

That's everything. When you want to grab and drop stuff, send the Test input to gg_holding. The gun will try to grab objects for up to three seconds before giving up. Unfortunately, when the object is being held and it moves a large distance, it will teleport back to the spot it was grabbed at, and launch itself from there. Moving held objects long distances will obviously not look good. There seems to not be any good solution to this.

Portals

weapon_portalgun has inputs for firing portals even when the gun isn't being held. Also see prop_portal.

Strider cannon

As with the gravity gun, this setup is not exactly how the real thing works or looks, but it's close.

Make an info_target where you want the gun to shoot. Name it cannon_target.

Make a crossbow_bolt (Not in FGD) and name it cannon_projectile. The specific location of it in Hammer won't matter.

Make an env_sprite:

• Name: cannon_pinch

• Render Mode: Additive

• Sprite Name: effects/strider_pinch_dudv.vmt

• Scale: .6

Another sprite:

• Name: cannon_flash

• Render Mode: Additive

• Sprite Name: effects/blueblackflash.vmt

• Scale: 1

And one more:

• Name: cannon_warp

• Render Mode: Additive

• Parent: cannon_projectile

• Sprite Name: effects/strider_bulge_dudv.vmt

• Scale: 1.3

Place the first two at the front of the laser's source. Place cannon_warp at the same spot as cannon_projectile.

Make an env_laser on the front of the gun:

• Name: cannon_laser1

• Target of Laser: cannon_target

• Brightness: 255

• Sprite Name: sprites/bluelaser1.vmt

• Damage / second: 0

Make another env_laser where cannon_projectile is.

• Name: cannon_laser2

• Target of Laser: cannon_target

• Parent: cannon_projectile

• Brightness: 255

• Width of Beam: 16

• Sprite Name: effects/blueblacklargebeam.vmt

• Damage / second: 50000

Flags: Start On

Make an ambient_generic named cannon_charge and set Sound Name to npc/strider/charging.wav.

Make another ambient_generic named cannon_shoot and set Sound Name to npc/strider/fire.wav.

Make a point_template and give it these settings:

• Name: cannon_template

• Template 1: cannon_projectile

• Template 2: cannon_warp

• Template 3: cannon_laser2

Make an env_entity_maker at the front of the gun and give it these settings:

• Name: cannon_maker

• Point_template to spawn: cannon_template

• PostSpawn Movement Speed: 8000 (probably not accurate, but still very fast)

• PostSpawn Movement Direction: (depends on which way things are facing. "Point At" may not be accurate!)

• PostSpawn Direction Variance: 0

Since our projectile is capable of bouncing, we need a way to stop it from doing so. Create a trigger_remove which the projectile will always hit. A small one over the info_target from earlier would be ideal, but if the cannon is going to be aimable, it will have to cover every solid surface.

• Filter Name: filter_cannon_projectile

Flags: Everything (not including physics debris)

Make a filter_activator_name called filter_cannon_projectile and set Filter Name to cannon_projectile.

Lastly, make a logic_relay named cannon_fire_relay with these outputs:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnTrigger	cannon_charge	PlaySound		0.00	No
OnTrigger	cannon_flash	ShowSprite		0.00	No
OnTrigger	cannon_pinch	ShowSprite		0.00	No
OnTrigger	cannon_laser1	TurnOn		0.00	No
OnTrigger	cannon_shoot	PlaySound		1.25	No
OnTrigger	cannon_flash	HideSprite		1.25	No
OnTrigger	cannon_pinch	HideSprite		1.25	No
OnTrigger	cannon_laser1	TurnOff		1.25	No
OnTrigger	cannon_maker	ForceSpawn		1.25	No
OnTrigger	cannon_charge	StopSound		1.25	No
OnTrigger	cannon_shoot	StopSound		4.00	No

Send the Trigger input to cannon_fire_relay to fire the cannon.

Counter-Strike: Source

Bullets

Make an env_gunfire (Not in FGD) and use this table as a reference for the settings for each weapon. Since env_gunfire won't do damage, the damage should be done with a trigger_hurt. If you want the gun to have tracers (unlike regular CSS guns), set the Tracer to Default, otherwise set it to CS_MuzzleFlash (avoids console spam when developer 1 is on). Despite the name, that tracer will not make muzzle effects.

Weapon	Sound	Fire Rate
228	weapons\p228\p228-1.wav	0.15
AWP	weapons\awp\awp1.wav	1.50
Bullpup	weapons\aug\aug-1.wav	0.09 Unscoped, 0.13 Scoped
C90	weapons\p90\p90-1.wav	0.06-0.08
Clarion	weapons\famas\famas-1.wav	0.09
Commando	weapons\sg550\sg550-1.wav	0.24-0.26
CV-47	weapons\ak47\ak47-1.wav	0.09-0.11
D3/AU-1	weapons\g3sg1\g3sg1-1.wav	0.24-0.26
Elite	weapons\elite\elite-1.wav	0.12
Five-Seven	weapons\fiveseven\fiveseven-1.wav	0.15
Glock 18	weapons\glock\glock18-1.wav	0.15 Manual, 0.05-0.07 Burst
IDF Defender	weapons\galil\galil-1.wav	0.09
KM .45	weapons\usp\usp1.wav or weapons\usp\usp_unsil-1.wav	0.15
KM SMG	weapons\mp5navy\mp5-1.wav	0.07-0.09
Krieg 552	weapons\sg552\sg552-1.wav	0.07-0.10 Unscoped, 0.13-0.14 Scoped
Leone 12-gauge	weapons\m3\m3-1.wav	0.87-0.89
Leone YG1265	weapons\xm1014\xm1014-1.wav	0.24-0.26
M249	weapons\m249\m249-1.wav	0.07-0.09
M4A1	weapons\m4a1\m4a1-1.wav or weapons\m4a1\m4a1_unsil-1.wav	0.08-0.11 Unsilenced, 0.09 Silenced
MAC-10	weapons\mac10\mac10-1.wav	0.07
Machine Pistol	weapons\tmp\tmp-1.wav	0.06-0.08
Night Hawk	weapons\deagle\deagle-1.wav	0.22
Scout	weapons\scout\scout_fire-1.wav	1.24
UMP45	weapons\ump45\ump45-1.wav	0.10-0.11

Projectiles

CS:S grenades can be spawned, but they just bounce forever.

• Flashbangs can be simulated, except for the muting part. The flash can be done with an env_fade or color_correction, and the ringing sound can be done with ambient_generic (but you'll have to get your own ringing sound, cause CSS apparently generates the real one on the fly).
• HE grenade explosions can be imitated with env_explosion. Radius is ~320, damage 99.
• Smoke clouds can be imitated with env_sprites.

Day of Defeat: Source

Bullets

Make an env_gunfire (Not in FGD) and use this table as a reference for the settings for each weapon. Since env_gunfire won't do damage, the damage should be done with a trigger_hurt. For tracers, machine guns use BrightTracer, rifles and smgs use FaintTracer, and pistols don't use anything, so set them to DOD_3rdPersonMuzzleFlash which only shows bullet impacts.

Weapon	Sound	Fire rate
.30 Cal	weapons\30cal_shoot.wav	0.10-0.11
BAR	weapons\bar_shoot.wav	0.11-0.13
C96	weapons\c96_shoot.wav	0.07-0.08
Colt	weapons\colt_shoot.wav	0.09
K98k	weapons\k98_shoot.wav	0.60
K98 Sniper	weapons\k98_shoot.wav	1.60
M1 Carbine	weapons\m1carbine_shoot.wav	0.10
M1 Garand	weapons\garand_shoot.wav	0.37
MG42	weapons\mg42_shoot.wav	0.05-0.07
MP40	weapons\mp40_shoot.wav	0.09-0.11
P38	weapons\p38_shoot.wav	0.10
Springfield	weapons\spring_shoot.wav	1.84
Stg44	weapons\mp44_shoot.wav	0.12-0.14
Thompson	weapons\thompson_shoot.wav	0.08-0.10

Projectiles

Rockets

Rockets can be spawned in with rocket_bazooka or rocket_pschreck (recommended to use point_template and env_entity_maker with it). Set the speed to 1300.

Grenades

Manually-spawned grenades instantly crash the game. Smoke clouds can be imitated with env_sprites and a color_correction, and grenades can be imitated with env_explosions (radius ~350).

Team Fortress 2

Bullets

Make an info_target where you want bullets to go. Name it bullet_target and set the Transmit to client flag. Make sure the center of it isn't in anything solid.

Make an info_particle_system where you want the bullets to come from.

• Name: bullet_start

• Particle System Name: (see below)

• Control Point 1: bullet_target

Particle effects:

• bullet_tracer01: Normal
• bullet_tracer01_blue_crit: Blue crit
• bullet_tracer01_red_crit: Red crit

Make a logic_timer with these outputs:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnTimer	bullet_start	Start		0.00	No
OnTimer	bullet_start	Stop		0.05	No

Damage must be done with a trigger_hurt.

Below is a list of the weapons, the sounds to play (ambient_generic), and their refire rates.

Weapon	Sound	Fire rate
Ambassador	Weapon_Ambassador.Single	0.600
Baby Face's Blaster	weapons\doom_scout_shotgun.wav	0.630
Back Scatter	Weapon_Back_Scatter.Single	0.630
Bazaar Bargain	Weapon_Bazaar_Bargain.Single	1.500
Brass Beast	Weapon_Gatling.Fire	0.105
Classic	Weapon_ClassicSniperRifle.Single	1.500
Cleaner's Carbine	weapons\doom_sniper_smg.wav	0.135
Diamondback	Weapon_Diamond_Back.Single	0.510
Enforcer	Weapon_Enforcer.Single	0.600
Family Business	Weapon_FamilyBusiness.Single	0.540
Force-a-Nature	Weapon_Scatter_Gun_Double.Single	0.315
Frontier Justice	Weapon_FrontierJustice.Single	0.630
Hitman's Heatmaker	weapons\doom_sniper_rifle.wav	1.500
Huo-Long Heater	Dragon_Minigun.Fire	0.105
L'Etranger	Weapon_Letranger.Single	0.510
Machina	Weapon_SniperRailgun.Single	1.500
Minigun	Weapon_Minigun.Fire	0.105
Natascha	Weapon_Minifun.Fire	0.105
Panic Attack	Weapon_BackShot_Shotty.Single	0.630
Pistol	Weapon_Pistol.Single	0.150
Pretty Boy's Pocket Pistol	Weapon_PickPocket_Pistol.Single	0.135
Reserve Shooter	Weapon_Reserve_Shooter.Single	0.630
Revolver	Weapon_Revolver.Single	0.510
Scattergun	Weapon_Scatter_Gun.Single	0.630
Shortstop	Weapon_Short_Stop.Single	0.360
Shotgun	Weapon_Shotgun.Single	0.630
SMG	Weapon_SMG.Single	0.105
Sniper Rifle	Weapon_SniperRifle.Single	1.500
Soda Popper	Weapon_Soda_Popper.Single	0.315
Sydney Sleeper	Weapon_SydneySleeper.Single	1.500
Tomislav	Weapon_Tomislav.Fire	0.125
Widowmaker	Weapon_WidowMaker.Single	0.630
Winger	Weapon_Winger.Single	0.150

Projectiles

1. Make an entity from the list below and name it projectile (or whatever you want).
2. Make a point_template, name it template and set Template 1 to projectile.
3. Make an env_entity_maker, and configure it however is needed for your projectile and use case (i.e. fire a rocket when a button is hit).

Note: Precise launch speeds are not known...

Projectile	Classname	Notes
Bat Spell	tf_projectile_spellbats
Boxing Glove Spell	tf_projectile_spellkartorb
Flare	tf_projectile_flare
Flying Guillotine	tf_projectile_cleaver
Gas Passer	tf_projectile_jar_gas
Grenade	tf_projectile_pipe	Loch n Load settings can be imitated by removing the bomb when it hits a trigger.
Huntsman Arrow	tf_projectile_arrow	To do: Hardly noticeable without its trail effect! Find it.
Jarate	tf_projectile_jar
Lightning Orb Spell	tf_projectile_lightningorb	Will not pick up enemies properly if moving too fast.
Mad Milk	tf_projectile_jar_milk
Meteor Shower Spell	tf_projectile_spellmeteorshower
Needle	tf_projectile_syringe	To do: Hardly noticeable without its trail effect! Find it.
Rocket	tf_projectile_rocket	Rocket thinks it's underwater by default? Set teamnum to 1 to avoid this.
Rocket (Mangler)	tf_projectile_energy_ball	Does not make impact sound on its own. To do: Charged shot particle?
Sandman	tf_projectile_stun_ball	Stun can be replicated with player_speedmod.
Sentry Rockets	tf_projectile_sentryrocket
Short Circuit Secondary	tf_projectile_mechanicalarmorb
Skeleton Spawn Spell	tf_projectile_spellspawnzombie

Tip: Most projectiles will look and act slightly different when teamnum is set to 2 (red team) or 3 (blue team). If not set, many effects will apply to both teams at once, or neither.

Note: Projectiles will not do damage on their own when created this way. Damage must be done with trigger_hurt or env_explosion.

Note: Heavy's consumable drops are item_healthkit_smalls and item_healthkit_mediums with special models. Their precise movement is probably not replicable, but that's all they are.

Tip: Regular rockets work fine with this method, but ones created with tf_point_weapon_mimic will be extra modifiable.

Note: Spawning stickybombs this way causes them to act like grenades! Use tf_point_weapon_mimic to create them.

Unusable projectiles (might be able to imitate them with other entities):

• Rescue Ranger and Crusader's Crossbow shots appear as huntsman arrows.
• Other flare guns use the same entity as the regular one, and cannot have their effects changed mapside.
• Loose Cannon and Iron Bomber grenades use the same entity as stock, and cannot have their effects changed mapside.
• Dragon's Fury (tf_projectile_balloffire), Pomson/Bison (tf_projectile_energy_ring), Wrap Assassin (tf_projectile_ball_ornament), and one of the bomb spells (tf_projectile_spellmirv) will sometimes crash the game.
• Many spells (tf_projectile_spellpumpkin, tf_projectile_spellspawnboss, tf_projectile_spellspawnhorde, tf_projectile_spelltransposeteleport) will spawn but never do what they're supposed to.

Left 4 Dead 2

Bullets

env_weaponfire can be used to shoot things, but it's limited in a few ways and can't be manually controlled.

Make an info_target where you want bullets to go. Name it bullet_target and set the Always transmit to client flag. Make sure the center of it isn't in anything solid.

Make an info_particle_system where you want the bullets to come from.

• Name: bullet_start

• Particle System Name: (see below)

• Control Point 1: bullet_target

Particle effects:

• weapon_tracers: Normal thin white
• weapon_tracers_explosive: Thin white, longer streak
• weapon_tracers_50cal: Thick yellow + thin yellow
• weapon_tracers_50cal_glow: Thick yellow
• weapon_tracers_50cal_low: Thick red + thin red
• weapon_tracers_50cal_low_glow: Thick red
• weapon_tracers_incendiary: Thin yellow + smoke puff trail + white smoke lines
• weapon_tracers_incendiary_cheap: Thin yellow + smoke puff trail
• weapon_tracers_incendiary_streak: Thin yellow

Make a logic_timer with these outputs:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnTimer	bullet_start	Start		0.00	No
OnTimer	bullet_start	Stop		0.05	No

Damage must be done with a trigger_hurt.

Below is a list of the weapons, the sounds to play (ambient_generic), and their refire rates.

Weapon	Sound	Fire rate
AK-47	AK47.Fire	.1300
Assault Rifle	Rifle.Fire	.0875
Auto Shotgun	AutoShotgun.Fire	.1500
AWP	Weapon_AWP.Single	1.0500
Chrome Shotgun	Shotgun_Chrome.Fire	.5000
Combat Rifle	Rifle_Desert.Fire	.0700/.1500
Combat Shotgun	AutoShotgun_Spas.Fire	.1500
Glock	Pistol.Fire	.1750
Hunting Rifle	HuntingRifle.Fire	.2500
Krieg 552	Weapon_SG552.Single	.0825
M60	M60.Fire	.1300
Magnum Pistol	Magnum.Fire	.3000
MP5	Weapon_MP5Navy.Single	.0750
P220 Pistol	Pistol.Fire or Pistol.DualFire	.1750
Pump Shotgun	Shotgun.Fire	.5000
Silenced Submachine Gun	SMG_Silenced.Fire	.0625
Sniper Rifle	Sniper_Military.Fire	.2500
Steyr Scout	Weapon_Scout.Single	.9000
Submachine Gun	SMG.Fire	.0625

Projectiles

None of Left 4 Dead's projectiles work correctly when directly spawned.

• Pipe bombs can be imitated with an env_explosion and an info_particle_system using weapon_pipebomb.
• Grenades can be imitated with an env_explosion.
• Molotovs, vomit and vomit jars cannot be recreated.

Alien Swarm

Bullets

It seems that it's not possible to visually recreate Alien Swarm's bullets, so the visual portion of this will be a bit lackluster, since it has to make do with Half-Life 2's bullet tracer. Make an env_gunfire (Not in FGD) and, if you're trying to emulate a particular gun, check the ingame menu for damage and fire rate stats. Since env_gunfire won't do damage, the damage should be done with a trigger_hurt.

Weapon	Shoot Sound
Assault Rifle	ASW_Weapon_Rifle.Single
Autogun	ASW_Weapon_Autogun.Single
Minigun	ASW_Weapon_Minigun.Single
PDW	ASW_Weapon_PDW.multiShot
Prototype Rifle	ASW_Weapon_Prifle.Single
Railgun	ASW_Railgun.Single
Sentry	ASW_Sentry.Fire
Shotgun	ASW_Weapon_Shotgun.FireAndPump
Sniper Rifle	ASW_Weapon_Sniper_Rifle.Single
Twin Pistols	ASW_Weapon_Pistol.Single
Vindicator	ASW_Weapon_Vindicator.FireAndPump

Projectiles

1. Make an entity from the list below and name it projectile (or whatever you want).
2. Make a point_template, name it template and set Template 1 to projectile.
3. Make an env_entity_maker, and configure it however is needed for your projectile and use case (i.e. fire a grenade when a button is pressed).

Projectile	Classname	Notes
Bait	asw_bait
Combat Flare	asw_flare_projectile
Damage Amp	asw_buffgrenade_projectile	Set skin to 1.
Freeze Grenade	asw_grenade_freeze
Grenade	asw_grenade_cluster
Heal Beacon	asw_healgrenade_projectile	Set skin to 2.
Incendiary Mine	asw_mine
Smart Bomb	asw_rocket
T75	asw_t75
Trip Mine	asw_laser_mine

Cannot be made because they won't work right:

• asw_extinguisher_projectile
• asw_flamer_projectile

Portal 2

Turrets

Make an env_gunfire (Not in FGD) and use these settings:

• Rate of fire: 0.1

• Shoot Sound: NPC_FloorTurret.ShotSounds

• Tracer: Default

Actual turrets fire from two different spots. If you want the gun to fire from two different spots, copy the env_gunfire and set Rate of fire to 0.2 for both of them.

Portals

weapon_portalgun has inputs for firing portals even when the gun isn't being held. Also see prop_portal.

Counter-Strike: Global Offensive

Bullets

Make an env_gunfire and set Weapon (weaponname) to whatever you want. The entity will automatically fire with that weapon's fire rate, damage, and particle effects.

If the gun does not face east by default, you'll have to do this next part to make the muzzle effects point in the right direction. Make a logic_auto and set this output.

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnMultiNewRound	(name of env_gunfire)	SetLocalAngles	(desired angle)	0.00	No

env_gunfire will not play the gun's firing sound. Make an ambient_generic, uncheck the Is NOT Looped flag, and play one of the sounds below as rapidly as the fire rate.

Weapon	Sound	Fire rate
AK-47	Weapon_AK47.Single	0.09-0.11
AUG	Weapon_AUG.Single	0.09-0.11
AWP	Weapon_AWP.Single	1.45
Desert Eagle	Weapon_DEagle.Single	0.22
Dual Berettas	Weapon_ELITE.Single	0.12
FAMAS	Weapon_FAMAS.Single	0.07-0.10
Five-Seven	Weapon_FiveSeven.Single	0.14
G3SG1	Weapon_G3SG1.Single	0.25
Galil AR	Weapon_GalilAR.Single	0.07-0.10
Glock-18	Weapon_Glock.Single	0.14 Manual, 0.04-0.07 Burst
M249	Weapon_M249.Single	0.07-0.10
M4A1-S	Weapon_M4A1.Silenced or Weapon_M4A1.SilencedSingle	0.09-0.11
M4A4	Weapon_M4A1.Single	0.07-0.10
MAC-10	Weapon_MAC10.Single	0.06-0.08
MAG-7	Weapon_Mag7.Single	0.84
MP5-SD	Weapon_MP5.Single	0.07-0.09
MP7	Weapon_MP7.Single	0.07-0.09
MP9	Weapon_MP9.Single	0.06-0.08
Negev	Weapon_Negev.Single	0.06-0.08
Nova	Weapon_Nova.Single	0.87
P2000	Weapon_hkp2000.Single	0.15
P250	Weapon_P250.Single	0.14
P90	Weapon_P90.Single	0.06-0.08
PP-Bizon	Weapon_bizon.Single	0.07-0.10
Sawed Off	Weapon_Sawedoff.Single	0.84
SCAR-20	Weapon_SCAR20.Single	0.25
SG 553	Weapon_sg556.Single	0.07-0.10
SSG 08	Weapon_SSG08.Single	1.25
Tec-9	Weapon_tec9.Single	0.10
UMP-45	Weapon_UMP45.Single	0.07-0.10
USP-S	Weapon_USP.SilencedShot or Weapon_USP.Single	0.17
XM1014	Weapon_XM1014.Single	0.34-0.36
Zeus x27	Weapon_Taser.Single	N/A

Projectiles

1. Make an entity from the list below and name it projectile (or whatever you want).
2. Make a point_template, name it template and set Template 1 to projectile.
3. Make an env_entity_maker, and configure it however is needed for your projectile and use case (i.e. fire a grenade when a button is pressed).

Projectile	Classname	Notes
Breach Charge	breachcharge_projectile	Silent, will not explode by any means. An env_explosion would have to suffice.
Bumpmine	bumpmine_projectile	Silent, never boosts player, indestructible. A trigger_push or similar entity is the only option.
Decoy	decoy_projectile	Does not make any gunfire sound, but does the smoke effect. Bounces are unusually elastic.
Flashbang	flashbang_projectile
HE Grenade	hegrenade_projectile	See below.
Molotov/Incendiary Grenade	molotov_projectile	See below.
Smoke Grenade	smokegrenade_projectile	Will never make the cloud! Bounces are unusually elastic.
Snowball	snowball_projectile
Tactical Awareness Grenade	tagrenade_projectile	Never explodes! Bounces are unusually elastic.

Molotovs and grenades will bounce forever unless you add this output to the env_entity_maker:

My Output	Target Entity	Target Input	Parameter	Delay	Only Once
OnEntitySpawned	projectile	InitializeSpawnFromWorld		0.00	No

Be careful: If the projectile receives this input more than once, its explosion timer will reset.